M'zaka zaposachedwapa, makampani opanga magalimoto atsopano amphamvu akhala akukula mofulumira, ndipo China yafika pamlingo wapamwamba kwambiri pakupanga magalimoto, ndipo ukadaulo wake wa mabatire ukutsogolera padziko lonse lapansi. Kawirikawiri, kupita patsogolo kwaukadaulo ndi kuchuluka kwa kupanga kungachepetse ndalama, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zinthu zomaliza zikhale bwino komanso mitengo ichepetse. Lero, nkhaniyi ikuwunika momwe mabatire atsopano amphamvu amagwirira ntchito, poyang'ana ngati ogula angakwanitse kugula magalimoto atsopano amphamvu otsika mtengo kwambiri atagulitsa mabatire a sodium-ion.
01 Mtengo Wopangira Magalimoto Atsopano a Mphamvu
Zinthu zazikulu zomwe zimawononga ndalama zamagalimoto amagetsi m'gawo latsopano la magalimoto amphamvu ndi izi:
Kuchokera pa deta yomwe ili pa graph, n'zoonekeratu kuti batire ndiye chinthu chachikulu chomwe chimakhudza mtengo wonse wa galimoto. Pamene mtengo wa batire ukukwera, mosakayikira umaperekedwa ku zinthu zomaliza. Ndiye, kodi mtengo wa batire yamagetsi umatsimikiziridwa bwanji?
02 Mtengo Wopangira Mabatire Amagetsi
Mwachionekere, zipangizo zopangira ndi zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale mtengo wa batri yamagetsi. Deta yotulutsidwa ndi China Automotive Power Battery Industry Innovation Alliance ikuwonetsa kuti poyerekeza ndi chiyambi cha chaka chatha, mtengo wapakati wa zinthu zazikulu za lithiamu batri cathode wakwera ndi 108.9%, pomwe mtengo wapakati wa zinthu za lithiamu iron phosphate batri cathode wakwera ndi 182.5%. Mtengo wapakati wa ma electrolyte a lithiamu batri wakwera ndi 146.2%, ndipo wa ma electrolyte a lithiamu iron phosphate batri wakwera ndi 190.2%. Mabatire akuluakulu sangathe kukhala opanda lithiamu, choncho tiyeni tiwone momwe mitengo ya lithiamu carbonate, lithiamu hydroxide, ndi lithiamu iron phosphate imayendera:
Kukwera kwa mitengo ya zinthu za batire ya lithiamu kukuchitika chifukwa cha mfundo zomwe makampani opanga lithiamu adakumana nazo kwa zaka ziwiri za kuchepa kosalekeza, zomwe zidapangitsa kuti magetsi achepe chifukwa cha kutayika. Komabe, chitukuko chachangu cha magalimoto atsopano amagetsi chapangitsanso kufunikira kwa mabatire a lithiamu. Mayiko padziko lonse lapansi akhazikitsa zolinga zopezera magetsi pamagalimoto, zomwe zikuwonjezera kutsutsana kwa kufunikira kwa magetsi ndi magetsi ndikupangitsa kuti mitengo yamagetsi ya lithiamu ikwere mosalekeza. Pachifukwa ichi, kodi mabatire amagetsi sangakwere bwanji mtengo?
03 Kodi Mabatire a Sodium-ion Omwe Ali ndi Mtengo Wabwino Kwambiri pa Magalimoto Atsopano Ogwiritsa Ntchito Mphamvu Ali Pati?
Popeza kuti mchere wa lithiamu uli wochepa kwambiri padziko lapansi, pofika mu 2020, malo osungiramo lithiamu ore padziko lonse lapansi (lithium carbonate) anali matani 128 miliyoni, ndi zinthu zokwana matani 349 miliyoni, makamaka m'maiko monga Chile, Australia, Argentina, ndi Bolivia. China ili pa nambala 4 pankhani ya malo osungiramo lithiamu otsimikizika, omwe ali ndi 7.1%, ndipo yachitatu pakupanga lithiamu ore, yomwe ili ndi 17.1%. Komabe, mchere wa lithiamu ku China ndi wosauka ndipo ndi wovuta kupanga ndi kukonza. Chifukwa chake, China imadalira kwambiri kutumiza zinthu zosakanikirana za lithiamu ku Australia ndi mchere wa lithiamu ku South America. China pakadali pano ndi yomwe imagula kwambiri lithiamu padziko lonse lapansi, yomwe ili ndi pafupifupi 39% ya zomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito mu 2019. M'kanthawi kochepa, zinthu za lithiamu zimakhala zochepa chifukwa cha kutumizidwa kunja, ndipo m'kupita kwa nthawi, chitukuko cha mabatire a lithiamu-ion chidzachepetsedwa ndi zinthu za lithiamu. Chifukwa chake, mabatire a sodium-ion, omwe ali ndi malo osungira ambiri, mtengo ndi chitetezo, akhoza kukhala njira yofunika kwambiri yopititsira patsogolo makampani a mabatire mtsogolo.
Ndipotu, kuyambira mu Julayi 2021, CATL (Contemporary Amperex Technology Co., Ltd.) inali itatulutsa kale batire ya sodium-ion ndipo idalengeza kukhazikitsidwa kwa kapangidwe kake ka mafakitale, ndipo unyolo woyambira wa mafakitale ukuyembekezeka kupangidwa pofika chaka cha 2023. Nkhani ina yabwino ndi yakuti pa Julayi 28 chaka chatha, mzere woyamba padziko lonse wa batire ya sodium-ion wa 1 GWh unamalizidwa ku Fuyang, Chigawo cha Anhui. Magalimoto atsopano amphamvu oyendetsedwa ndi batire ya sodium-ion sali kutali kwambiri.
Kugulitsa magalimoto atsopano amphamvu oyendetsedwa ndi batire ya sodium-ion ndi mtengo wabwino kudzathandizanso kwambiri pakukweza magalimoto amagetsi aukhondo m'mizinda ku China konse. YIWEI Automotive nthawi zonse yakhala ikudzipereka pakupanga ndi kupanga chassis yamagalimoto atsopano amphamvu, kuphatikiza machitidwe amphamvu, kupanga machitidwe owongolera anzeru owongolera mphamvu zoyikika pamagalimoto, komanso kupanga maukonde a magalimoto ndi ukadaulo waukulu wa data. Takhala patsogolo pamakampani opanga magalimoto atsopano amphamvu ndipo takhala tikutsatira kwambiri ukadaulo wamagetsi amagetsi, kubweretsa makasitomala m'magalimoto odzipereka magalimoto atsopano amphamvu omwe ndi otsika mtengo, othandiza, komanso osavuta kugwiritsa ntchito.
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Nthawi yotumizira: Ogasiti-22-2023
